What are some ways by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

If bacteria take up R Plasmids...R Plasmids contain genes that resist antibiotics...Bacteria can take up R Plamids/foreign DNA through transformation, transduction, and conjugation.





Transformation is where bacteria just take up foreign DNA from the environment. Transduction is where a fragment of DNA from a phage virus is accidentally packaged in the phage's protein coat. So when the phage infects the bacteria, that DNA enters the host. Conjugation is when 2 bacteria "mate" and transfer DNA.

What are some ways by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
Mutation. Some bacteria undergo mutation, and sometimes, it happens that the gene created is resistant to antibiotics.





Hence, all the normal bacteria is killed by the antibiotics, but the mutants survive and multiply, resulting in a colony that is resistant to antibiotics.





Something like that.

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