Monday, August 23, 2010

Genetic exchange between different kinds of bacteria can occur through __or through__?

a. sex; mutation


b. conjugation; mutation


c. conjugation; bacteriophage infection


d. mutation; bacteriophage infection


e. conjugation; mitosis





I know conjugation is one of the answers but cannot find the second answer.





thank you

Genetic exchange between different kinds of bacteria can occur through __or through__?
C, a bacteriophage can infect a population ie your bacteria
Reply:You can also find the answer by the process of elimination. A mutation is not a genetic exchange. Also, mitosis is not a type of genetic exchange.
Reply:Of these, the best answer is


C





Rarely, a bacterium can pick up DNA from the external environment. An experiment with this was one of the waysthat DNA was identified as the carrier of genetic information. More info on the link, read about Avery (et al)'s experiment.


Is salmonella a enveloped or unenveloped bacteria?

salmonella is infection from the bacteria's eggs. So my best guess, enveloped.


Is there an entire ecosystem of bacteria in Paris Hilton's naughty region?

I mean...who hasn't been inside Paris (apart from myself)?

Is there an entire ecosystem of bacteria in Paris Hilton's naughty region?
OMG The visual of that makes me want to vomit and sadly enough I think you might be right
Reply:Yes. I think this applies to every woman regardless of their behavior.
Reply:yes. normal people do have bacteria.
Reply:Ew!


How many cells does a single bacteria cell have after 24 hours?

I actually know the answer to this question. I figured it out yesterday, and it is astounding. I just wanted to know if anyone knows how you say the number because it is super long.

How many cells does a single bacteria cell have after 24 hours?
There was no way to know the answer until you said that the time between divisions is 20 minutes. Once you know that, you can figure out that the bacteria splits 3 times an hour, or 72 times in 24 hours. 2^72 = 4,722,366,482,869,645,213,696, which is different from your answer. Your answer, 4,553,481,496,843,251,613,696, would be said as four sextillion, five hundred fifty three quintillion, four hundred eighty one quadrillion, four hundred ninety six trillion, eight hundred forty three billion, two hundred fifty one million, six hundred thirteen thousand, six hundred ninety six. To say my number, just replace all of the three digit numbers in the name with the appropriate ones from my number; they are the same order of magnitude. You should also note that, as mentioned, a single bacteria cell always has just one cell. The colony would have this many cells, though.
Reply:one, a single cell bacteria will always have just a single cell
Reply:You cannot be so sure about it......





check link





http://www.cellsalive.com/ecoli.htm
Reply:somewhere in the billions.
Reply:That depends on how long it takes to complete the reproduction process. Different cells have different means of reproducing.
Reply:it actually depends on the doubling time of that bacteria and so on the kind of it!but if doubling time is choosed as 20 minutes (it means that each 20 mins number of bacterias become twice)...after 24 hours we have 2^72 bacteria produced by the single cell!

street fighting

Does the drug zantac treat the bacteria Helicobacter pylori?

It must be taken in combination with an antibiotic and another form of antacid. (Specifically, one antibiotic, one proton pump inhibitor and one H2 blocker - which is the Zantac.)

Does the drug zantac treat the bacteria Helicobacter pylori?
no, its an anti acid treatment, it doesnt attack any bacteria at all.
Reply:Zantac is just a strong antacid. To treat H.pylori you need a long course of many different antibiotics. It is very hard to treat.
Reply:No , to treat Helicobacter requires usually 3 different medications ,physician preference, antibiotic, proton pump inhibitor such as Prevacid, Prilosec and many physicians add pepto bismol as well. If your are currently on treatment and using pepto bismol don"t worry when you see black stools, normal for pepto bismol.After successful treatment Zantac can be used as a maintenance drug for reduction of acid
Reply:no.


What are the vital roles of bacteria?

Bacteria are essential part of our ecosystem.


Lots of bacterias cause illness beside that they have many uses.


A bacteria helps in formation of curd.


Many are used as medicine resources.

What are the vital roles of bacteria?
lets classify them the pathogenic and the unpathogenic ones..





pathogenic ones causes diseases, as the word discribes itself.. so whats the use of them? i believe they were created so ballance out nature by killing big creatures that dont have any natural predators, they make (or force) people to be more hygenic..





non pathogenic ones have many roles in this world. some decompose protien, some make vitamin K inside your body. some even protect their host from diseases caused by the pathogenic ones..
Reply:Genetic engineering (to aid in medicine)


Fermentation (food industry)


Protect you (probiotics in the intestine)


911!!!! i've got a vaginal bacteria infection.. and i need to treat it.. but i've got a lil prob.?

i can't pay for a doctor, so is there anything over the counter? like a cream or something? im kinda picky.. so i don't want to stick anything up my... PLEASE HELP!

911!!!! i've got a vaginal bacteria infection.. and i need to treat it.. but i've got a lil prob.?
You should go to a Planned Parenthood. Their prices are much cheaper and sometimes they will accept payment plans. You could either have a yeast infection or a bacterial infection. They are two different things. There is nothing on the market that will treat a bacterial infection, only a dr can prescribe meds for that. You can buy over the counter yeast infecion creams but you have to insert a tube into your vagina and inject a cream up there. A dr can also prescribe a 24 hr pill for a yeast infection and then you won't have to use the cream. Its important to have this diagnosed first b/c a bacterial infection can be serious and cause pelvic inflammatory disease which could make you unfertile if left untreated. Call your nearest planned parent hood and see if they can help you and find out prices. This is definately an issue for the dr.
Reply:see a doctor and use condoms.
Reply:i think you need an antibiotic, you really need to see your


obgyn
Reply:If its a yeast infection, depending on how bad it is, Monistat should help.
Reply:No you must see a doctor and get a perscription. A bacterial infection should be treated with metroizdole which is only available by perscription. It is not a sexually trasmitted disease either. Good luck to you.
Reply:See a doctor.


you need to take the right antibiotics.


If you don't, the infection can go up into your tubes, give you abscesses or pelvic inflammatory disease, and this can make you sterile by scarring down your tubes.





Make an appointment and go already!
Reply:What sort of bacteria infection? If you have a urinary tract infection, they have Uristat which is available over the counter, and for yeast infections there's Monistat. But agains, it depends on what sort of infection you have. If it is something other than these two conditions you may still have to see a doctor since over the counter is only available for these type of (common) infections. Hope this helps
Reply:Look up online for a free women's clinic in your area. Hopefully they can help
Reply:is there a free clinic you can go to


u don't know if its more than yeast....only overcounter medication for vaginal infections is for yeast infections...u want to consult a doctor....if it gets to bad go to eemergency room
Reply:If you have a bacterial infection then you may need to put some medication up there or get oral antibiotics that can only be prescribed by a Dr
Reply:youre going to have to stick something up there bc thats where it is coming from....try eating yogurt tho
Reply:You got a yeast infection? Is that it? It is really itchy. They have over the counter stuff and you do have to put it in vagina, but it helps so much and it just melts in vagina. Monistat, you can get at Wal-mart. You do not have to go to Doc.
Reply:You might want to check on a free clinic in your area because you probably don't know exactly what is "going on down there" and you should be checked out by a doctor to make sure it isn't or hasn't turned into something serious. If you treat yourself for one thing and there is actually something else wrong, then you might make it worse. Good luck!!
Reply:ew
Reply:I got news for you YOU NEED ANTIBIOTICS so find a free clinic to visit it's one in every city and medicine will cost about $17.00 bucks the creams that you put into your vagina are normally for yeast infections and do not work for bacteria infections. Go to the doctor and make sure that's what it is and get treated make sure you have some money because not all of it is free just cheaper call ahead and get some prices.
Reply:Well I must ask, How did you get this infection? Did some thing dirty go up there? I am not being funny but you picked a fine time to get picky. Bacteria just does not materialize out of no where. Who diagnosed you? How do you know what you have? To many questions? Sorry but you asked first...Go ask your local pharmacist or in your case maybe the pharmacist in the town next door...
Reply:How do you know it's bacterial?
Reply:Doctor knows what the right medicine for that. Good luck...
Reply:gina has it right with the free clinic idea, if you dont treat it asap, you could wind up with more of a problem than ur ready for. you could end up infertile and u dont want that. if you are looking to have kids that is. sometimes u have to stick things up "there" it doesnt feel natural but your body with thank you. Make an appointment now!!!
Reply:Sorry but it sounds like a yeast infection and you could try vagisil creams OTC . They is Monistat too and others that are suppositories. Sorry hon.......but it isn't that big and you will regret not treating it. It will only get worse. I have had many yeast infections and I know how badly they can itch and cause misery. It is just an imbalance of yeast that you already have..but your acid/alkaline got out of control from something.


I wish you had given more info on the symptoms so I can be more accurate. Get to the drug store. Lucky for you....you can buy OTC treatments. Don't wait too long.
Reply:If you have a yeast infection, no cream is going to work. You will need the vaginal suppositories. If you've had sex you shouldn't have a problem sticking something up in you.


Most hospitals want refuse you if you go in the ER if it comes down to you having to go that route. You could also check with your local Health Department.
Reply:Since it is a bacterial infection, you should see your doctor. A bacterial infection can be spread from partner to partner and that is a never ending situation. Oh that's right, you don't like to stick anything up your..vjj..Your doctor can prescribe you an antibiotic that doesn't require sticking something inside you.
Reply:Give me a break!!! You know you have a bacterial infection, HOW do you know that, without going to a doctor? If your stupid enough to run around with an infection and refuse to get treatment because you can't afford a $60.00 office call, and a $20.00 prescription. They WILL let you make payments of $5.00 a week if that's all you can afford. Then you really need to get sterilized so you don't propagate your obviously faulty genetic makeup!!! Quit making excuses and get help, if you really do need it, which I doubt!!!


Which microbes can possess a glycocalyx...bacteria,protozoa... or all are correct?

microbiology

Which microbes can possess a glycocalyx...bacteria,protozoa... or all are correct?
The general term for any network of polysaccharide or protein containing material extending outside of the cell is the glycocalyx. Many bacteria produce such a coating on the outside of their cell, and they come in two types: capsules and slime layers. The difference between the two is somewhat arbitrary. A capsule is closely associated with cells and does not wash off easily, while a slime layer is more diffuse and is easily washed away.





However, Amoeba can possess glycocalyx protrusions, so both answers are correct
Reply:You should talk to your prof about this. That is why they are there and you have paid so much money for it. If not, read your text book.

grappling

Oxidative fermentation medium for identification of bacteria?

Can someone please help with the preparation of this medium. I need 1%glucose with bromothymol blue indicator in nutrient agar. I wonder how much bromothymol blue I should use. Many thanks.

Oxidative fermentation medium for identification of bacteria?
Use 0.03%


Which microbes can possess a glycocalyx...bacteria,protozoa... or all are correct?

microbiology

Which microbes can possess a glycocalyx...bacteria,protozoa... or all are correct?
The general term for any network of polysaccharide or protein containing material extending outside of the cell is the glycocalyx. Many bacteria produce such a coating on the outside of their cell, and they come in two types: capsules and slime layers. The difference between the two is somewhat arbitrary. A capsule is closely associated with cells and does not wash off easily, while a slime layer is more diffuse and is easily washed away.





However, Amoeba can possess glycocalyx protrusions, so both answers are correct
Reply:You should talk to your prof about this. That is why they are there and you have paid so much money for it. If not, read your text book.


Oxidative fermentation medium for identification of bacteria?

Can someone please help with the preparation of this medium. I need 1%glucose with bromothymol blue indicator in nutrient agar. I wonder how much bromothymol blue I should use. Many thanks.

Oxidative fermentation medium for identification of bacteria?
Use 0.03%


What is the relationship between primitive bacteria and modern mitochondria and chloroplasts?

2. Present an overview of two classical experiments which demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material. Also, can RNA be the genetic material? Explain.








I don't no how to answer this.. any1 can help? thank you u advance..

What is the relationship between primitive bacteria and modern mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Modern mitochondria/chloroplasts are very similar; this has let to the widely accepted theory of endosymbiosis, which says that mitochondria/chloroplasts actually were bacteria who were engulfed by larger bacteria and live inside them. Mitochondria/chloroplasts have their own circular DNA molecule, just like bacteria, and they have ribosomes which resemble bacterial ribosomes, and they reproduce by binary fission just like bacteria. Basically, mitochondria and chloroplasts are virtually bacterica that have gone a few changes over the ages from living inside the larger eukaryotic cells.





One classical experiment was the Griffith experiment; this said that some kind of chemical serves as the element of heridity, because living harmless bacteria could be transformed into pathogenic strains from mixing them with dead pathogenic bacteria.





Another one was teh Hershey-Chase experiment. This one proved that it was not protein which was the genetic material (which was widely believed to be true at the time), but rather was DNA that served as the genetic material.





RNA could be the genetic material, and RNA most likely was the first genetic material. However, RNA is highly unstable due to the presense of an extra oxygen atom, and thus it's role of being the genetic material has been taken over by the far more stable DNA.
Reply:1-There's a theory that modern mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from primitive aerobic or photosynthetic bacteria. An anaerobic cell *accidentally* engulfed a bacterium, and it happened to be at the time when oxygen and/or sunlight were becoming more efficient sources of energy. Process of natural selection, and cells with double membrane bound chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved. Evidence which supports this includes the fact that the mitochondria and chloroplasts are membrane bound, they have their own DNA, and they have their own ribosomes.





2-Look up Hershey Chase experiment and Oswald Theodore Avery experiment on wikipedia or google. Yes, RNA can be genetic material. There are viruses which carry only RNA in their protein capsids. Once they have injected their RNA into a bacterium, they use reverse transcriptase to make DNA, then carry out the same transcription translation process as normal.

yoga

Does bathing in warm water kill bacteria?

Nope.


there are different type of Bacteria


Mesophiles, thermophiles,


normal bacteria like the temp 37 degrees Celsius


need about 100 degree Celsius to kill all normal bacterial


1000 degree Celsius to kill all bacteria.

Does bathing in warm water kill bacteria?
Nope. But soap does.
Reply:no
Reply:not unless it's 255 degrees fahrenheit
Reply:it helps yeah. just like you are supposed to wash your hands with soap and warm water...
Reply:how warm is "warm"?





bacteria, as well as cells, tend to grow best at 37 degrees C (body temp of "warm"-blooded animals) and 5% Carbon dioxide (or close to these figures)





so if 37 degrees C is considered warm, then the complete opposite occurs, "warm" water would encourage bacterial growth





so use soap
Reply:No, warmth %26amp; water usually increase the rate of bacterial growth, which is why wooden hot tubs are supposed to be chemically treated to prevent skin infections.
Reply:yes it does bacteria die when near heat so that why there in hard to reach places nowhere near the sun
Reply:no way..............the water itself may contain bacteria.............we hope it cleanses us
Reply:maybe a bit,


but soap always does,
Reply:Warm water?Not really.Anti-bacterial soap?I believe so.
Reply:not really...


How do you make sure all bacteria is out of a canned food?

Canned food has lots of preservatives to ensure they don't go bad. Just make sure you son't eat out of severely dented cans because you can get poisoning from the metal.

How do you make sure all bacteria is out of a canned food?
set it on fire.
Reply:Most canned food has been irradiated (kind of like microwaving). Cook it thoroughly. Generally bacteria cannot develop in a properly canned item.
Reply:If the can isn't bulging and when you open it, it smells like it is suppose to, your safe.
Reply:Hi berserk - the main thing is to make sure you're not using or buying a can where the top of the can is rounded, raised or crooked instead of flat - that means it's buckling and the food inside is contaminated. Canned foods particularly susceptible to drawing bacteria and going bad are tomatoes and green beans. Here are a couple of great websites to answer your great question:





www.lifesteps.com/gm/Atoz/ency/food_po...





www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/artic... (that's for Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia)





www.pennhealth.com/ency/article/001652...
Reply:Does it pop when pressed in the middle but? sure has no air but bacteria, check the expiration date, if overdue, pump it in sink and whosh it. Bye.
Reply:get undented cans and make sure that when u open the can u hear the "seal" break.
Reply:The vacuum seal helps. The idea is to just have food product, and no air, so you will not have any airborne bacteria. That's why Mason Jars are popular. Preservatives help to preserve the food, the cheapest is salt. Freezing the food, or keeping it in a "root cellar" will also slow down the growth of bacteria. Make sure you sterilize all your tools and jars first.


Kitchen Krafts has supplies: http://www.kitchenkrafts.com/category.as...


Homecanning.com:http://www.homecanning.com/usa/


Noll's Home Baking, Canning and Freezing from the Years 1966 - 2004: http://www.paulnoll.com/Oregon/Canning/


Is a good site for the "do-it yourselfer"
Reply:you cook it for a while...

ivy

Up to what temperature are some bacteria able to survive?

hurry

Up to what temperature are some bacteria able to survive?
some only survive up to the boiling point of water, others can die at the freezing point. But sciencetist have found bacteria around volcano vents in the ocean where the water is upwards of 300 degrees farenheit. Sciencetist have also done research where they believe that even after a deep impact on the earth (i.e. comets and metorites) where the earths surface temp would be over 5000 degrees and they still survive. The only "proof" has been found in ice glaciers in the Arctic Circle, in salt rocks.


What are some facts about harmful bacteria?

I'm doing a research paper and can't find what I'm looking for. I just need to know some stuff about it and what kind of types there are and things such as that

What are some facts about harmful bacteria?
Some bacteria are pathogens causing tetanus, typhoid fever, pneumonia, syphilis, cholera, leprosy, and tuberculosis. Examples of harmful bacteria include Steptococcus and Staphylococcus. Bacterial infections can sometimes be treated with antibiotics such as penicilin.
Reply:Many of us know bacteria only as “germs,” invisible creatures that can invade our bodies and make us sick.


Few know that many bacteria not only coexist with us all the time, but help us do an amazing array of useful things like make vitamins, break down some garbage, and even maintain our atmosphere!








Bacteria can be found virtually everywhere. They are in the air, the soil, and water, and in and on plants and animals, including us. A single teaspoon of topsoil contains about a billion bacterial cells (and about 120,000 fungal cells and some 25,000 algal cells). The human mouth is home to more than 500 species of bacteria.





Some bacteria (along with archaea) thrive in the most forbidding, uninviting places on Earth, from nearly-boiling hot springs to super-chilled Antarctic lakes buried under sheets of ice. Microbes that dwell in these extreme habitats are aptly called extremophiles.





Like dinosaurs, bacteria left behind fossils. The big difference is that it takes a microscope to see them. And they are older.





Bacteria and their microbial cousins the archaea were the earliest forms of life on Earth. And may have played a role in shaping our planet into one that could support the larger life forms we know today by developing photosynthesis





Cyanobacteria fossils date back more than 3 billion years. These photosynthetic bacteria paved the way for today's algae and plants. Cyanobacteria grow in the water, where they produce much of the oxygen that we breathe. Once considered a form of algae, they are also known as blue-green algae.





The human body consists of millions of different cells. A bacterium consists of a single cell.





A bacterium’s genetic information is contained in a single DNA molecule suspended in a jelly-like substance called cytoplasm. In most cases, this and other cell parts are surrounded by a flexible membrane that is itself surrounded by a tough, rigid cell wall. A few species, such as the mycoplasmas, don’t have cell walls.





Even though bacteria have only one cell each, they come in a wide range of shapes, sizes, and colors.





The more we know about bacteria, the more we are able to figure out how to make microbes work for us or stop dangerous ones from causing serious harm. And, for those of us who like to ponder more philosophical questions like the origins of the Earth, there may be some clues there as well.





Whether a bacteria has a thin or a thick cell wall determines what antibiotic will work against it. If you’ve ever been sick and waited for the results of a culture and sensitivity test, you may have heard the terms “Gram-positive” or “Gram-negative.”





Bacteria with thick cell walls retain dye from a cell-staining method developed by Christian Gram; bacteria with thin walls do not. Knowing the difference can and does save lives, time and money, and ensures that you or your loved one is getting the best and most effective treatment.





Just like in animals, where size ranges from the giant blue whale to the tiny gnat, bacteria vary from 1 millimeter in diameter at the largest end of the scale to 20 nanometers in length at the smallest.





The largest bacteria found so far can actually be seen without the use of a microscope (Thiomargarita namibiensis and Epulopiscium fischelsoni). The smallest known bacteria are so tiny that they were once thought to be viruses (Mycoplasmas).








Hope this helps!!!


I can't stop sneezing. No bacteria. Clear liquid when I blow my nose. Been happening since Christmas.?

My doctor has prescribed everything from antibiotics (that's how I know this isn't an infection), Sudafed, Claritin D, I am misting with Sinus spray. I sneeze so much and have blown my nose so much, it's raw both in and around my nose. I am miserable. Can someone help? I was okay when I woke up this morning. Had my first cup of coffee, then when I was going back for seconds, the attacks started and have been consistent all day. I am almost ready to say I am allergic to my dairy creamer. Does anyone know what this can be?

I can't stop sneezing. No bacteria. Clear liquid when I blow my nose. Been happening since Christmas.?
I sure sounds like allergies.


It could be that you have something in your house, cat, feathers, dust mites





You need to think about what it could be.


I would wash and dry all bedding and pillows. The heat will kill dust mites.





You can get a spray for allergins ( it is a fabric spray which kills up to 75%) I would spray couches, all soft furniture, mattress, box springs.
Reply:Try Benadryl... it sounds like allergies (like hay fever, or a dust allergy - not a lactose intolerance!!)
Reply:Okay....you need to start fresh.





BUY A NEW PILLOW. That's the first step....as allergens can get trapped in there. Then wash your sheets really good.





Stop drinking coffee for a little while and see if that helps. lol.





And try Zyrtec...Claritin doesn't do anything for me.
Reply:Could be. You need to get some allergen tests. They prick you with needles with various allergens on them and see what provokes a histamine reaction. See you doctor and ask to be referred for allergen testing.
Reply:Stop using the dairy creamer and see if it stops. Then either way, go to the doctor sounds like allergies of some kind to me. I should know I've had them my whole life.
Reply:You probaby have Bronchitis. My brother has it every winter..


Antibiotics, is it for virus, or bacteria, or both? teacher doesn't really sure abt it?

Anti-biotics do NOT kill viruses - they are useless against them. The over prescribing of them for virus related illnesses is part of what is causing the "resistance crisis" right now. Viruses require "antivirals" - drugs specifically targeted for affecting viruses. Viruses are DNA or RNA "genetic parasites". The anti-biotics are for bacteria, which are vastly bigger and more complex than viruses.

Antibiotics, is it for virus, or bacteria, or both? teacher doesn't really sure abt it?
bacterial infections. Not viral.
Reply:Bacteria only BACTERIA
Reply:Antibiotics are given for infection.
Reply:bacteria





I just gotta know, you said your teacher doesn't know.





Please give more info





Grade level class ect.
Reply:Not virus.
Reply:Germs and Bacteria only.





Anti virual drugs are used to treat a virus
Reply:Yup only bacterial infections.
Reply:antibiotics do absolutely nothing for a virus. the virus has to take it's corse inorder for you to get rid of it. bacteria on the other hand can be taken care of with the proper antibiotic.
Reply:bacteria
Reply:Your teacher is not really in a position perhaps to be teaching if he/she doesn't know this basic piece of medicine. Viruses are not affected by anti-biotics, only bacteria are!
Reply:It only works on bacteria.
Reply:bacteria only not possible for it to kill viruses
Reply:bacteria.





There are anti-viral medications these days, They have one for herpes simplex 1 that causes chicken pox in the young and shingles in the older people.





A few months ago my doctor told me about it and prescribed me one. Anti-biotics will never ever kill a virus
Reply:An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
Reply:antibiotics are for bacterial infections and have little if any effect on viral infections
Reply:Only works on bacteria, however given for viruses sometimes because of risk of viral infections causing secondary bacterial infections.
Reply:Being a mother, by experience i can tell u that antibiotics are for bacteria...
Reply:Anitbiotic is for bacteria. antiviral is for virus. bacteria is a micro living thing and virus is a poision.
Reply:bacteria but it also may be for virus to go to google and make a move
Reply:As stated by others, bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, but not viruses.
Reply:Current medical definition of an antibiotic is a drug that kills or halts the growth of bacteria.





Antimicrobials is the larger classification of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitic drugs.
Reply:Was that your music teacher? English teacher?


Bacteria are killed by antibiotics.


Viral infections are treated with antivirals.
Reply:BACTERIA ONLY.
Reply:Antibiotics are for Bacteria , while antiviral are for viruses. Antibiotics are one class of antimicrobials. This antimicrobials also includes antifungal and anti parasitic drugs.
Reply:Antibiotics are specifically for bacterial infections. Bacteria are single celled organisms. The antibiotic attacks their cell wall. It doesn't attack our cells because bacteria have different compounds/markers on their cell wall that the antibiotic attaches to. It destroys the cell and the body cleans it up. Viruses are not cells, they are little strands of DNA/RNA that via a capsule insert themselves into our cells and using our cells resources, replicate itself until there are so many of them inside the cell that it bursts. So, since antibiotics don't attack our cells, it cannot attack viruses.
Reply:A virus is "self-limiting" which means that it will only last for a week - 10 days and antibiotics won't do any good for it. Bacteria, on the other hand, can multiply indefinitely unless you use antibiotics. What kind of a teacher do you have anyway?
Reply:For viruses; antibiotics work by interfering with bacterial replication. There are some specific medicines that work for viruses, like anti-retrovirals, but I have never heard of antibiotics for viruses.
Reply:Antibiotics exist for both bacteria (such as penicillin) and for viruses (acyclovir). Use Yahoo's excellent search engine and look up the Merck Manual for more info.

fuchsia

Wat are the names of common bacteria that exist on fabrics???????!!?

help its for a reserach report!!!!!!!!!aghhh! do you guys know of the names of any common bacterria? and if you could give me a website (so i can cite it) iw oudl appreciate!! THANKS THANKS

Wat are the names of common bacteria that exist on fabrics???????!!?
While it is true that you will not find a surface without bacteria on it, the majority of bacteria that you’ll find are common, non-dangerous species. Studies have shown that of the bacteria found in indoor air, the most common four are: Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas.





Micrococcus is a sphere-shaped (coccus/cocci generally means spherical), relatively harmless bacterium. It is very common on skin, and it can also be found in soil, water, and meat products. It is generally a saprophyte (meaning it feeds on dead and decomposing materials), and can cause spoilage of fish. This organism can also be responsible for causing human sweat to smell badly. In immunocompromised people, it can be an opportunistic pathogen. Some common species include M. luteus, M. roseus, and M. varians. Micrococcus requires oxygen to grow and reproduce.





Staphylococcus is another sphere-shaped bacterium. It is much more well-known than Micrococcus, especially in the context of hospitals. When the medical profession refers to MRSA, they mean a particularly drug-resistant strain of this bacterium. However, Staphylococcus is found virtually everywhere, and usually does not result in infection. It is very common on skin, and can also be found in the nasal passages, throats, and hair of 50% of healthy individuals. Food poisoning and skin infections, as well as toxic shock syndrome, are among the illnesses caused by Staphylococcus. Unlike Micrococcus, Staphylococcus is able to grow both with and without oxygen.





Bacillus is a rod-shaped bacterium (“bacillus” means “rod”). Bacillus is a very hardy bacterium, as it has the ability to produce endospores – small, tough structures that can survive adverse conditions. For the most part, Bacillus is a harmless saprophyte, and it can be found in soil, water, dust, and sometimes within the human digestive system. Some species of Bacillus can cause food poisoning, and some can cause illness or infection. An interesting side-note about this genus is that it contained the mystery organism isolated from a 250-million-year-old salt crystal, potentially the oldest living cell discovered (the organism was later reclassified to Virgibacillus).





Pseudomonas is another rod-shaped bacterium. It can be found in soil and water, and on plants. It is an opportunistic pathogen, and generally considered a nosocomial infection (gained while in the hospital), as the organism tends only to attack individuals that are immunocompromised. Along with infection, it also has the ability to produce exotoxins. As a general rule, the bacterium will not infect a healthy individual.
Reply:i only know that E. Coli (Eucharia Coli) sorry if I am wrong.


What are the main types of bacteria in a cat's mouth, please fast I have to turn in my science fair ?

Dental problems are some of the most common diseases seen in cats. Cats often hide their oral discomfort, but occasionally, a cat may reveal its pain by pawing at its mouth, drooling or turning its head to one side while eating, to avoid chewing on the painful side of its mouth. Some cats stop eating because of dental pain. Others may stop eating dry food and only eat wet food.





Your Cat's Mouth


Kittens are born without teeth. Baby teeth begin to appear in the first two weeks. At 6 weeks of age, all 26 of your kitten's baby teeth should be present. By 6 months of age, 30 adult teeth replace your kitten's baby teeth. The 30 teeth include 12 little incisors in front, four canine teeth (the two upper and two lower fangs), 10 pre-molars and four molars.





Periodontal Disease


Periodontal disease, or gum disease, commonly affects cats. This disease is caused by plaque the sticky, bacteria-laden coating on the tooth surface and the body's response to those bacteria and the toxins they release. Oral bacteria can enter the bloodstream through diseased oral tissues, affecting other organs, such as the heart valves and kidneys. As the immune system responds to the plaque, the gums become inflamed. This is the first phase of periodontal disease: gingivitis.





Left untreated, the inflammation progresses and the second phase of periodontal disease (periodontitis) occurs, and may cause receding gums, bone loss and periodontal ligament damage. If not removed, the plaque mineralizes into tartar or calculus within days and requires mechanical removal.





Fortunately, the first stage (gingivitis) is reversible if your cat receives a professional cleaning and if you institute a home care program.





Periodontitis, however, is irreversible. The early stages are characterized by gingivitis and halitosis (bad breath). Up to 80 percent of cats 3 years of age and older suffer from gingivitis. You must alert your veterinarian to the red flags of gingivitis and begin professional cleaning, in some cases, between 6 months and 1 year of age.





Home Care


Daily home care is essential. Brushing your cat's teeth can help prevent dental disease. Within only a few days of a professional dental cleaning, plaque is already building up on your cat's teeth. The ultimate goal of home care is to remove plaque before it becomes calculus.





Introduce home dental care during kittenhood, so cats become used to having their lips lifted, their mouth and gums touched and handled, and their teeth brushed.





Owners of older cats may still institute home care, but it depends largely on the cat's nature. A compliant cat will likely allow home dental care despite the late introduction. Introduce your adult cat in the same way you would introduce a kitten - gradually. Get your cat used to having its lips lifted and its teeth and gums touched. Then add toothpaste. Next, try toothpaste with the brush.





If you have difficulty with a traditional pet toothbrush, try a finger brush, a plastic cap with nubs that slips over your finger. Choose a cat-specific enzymatic toothpaste to apply to the brush and gently brush your cat's teeth and gums. Never use human toothpaste; cat-specific toothpastes are formulated for feline tastes and include flavors such as poultry, beef, seafood and malt.





Many cats tolerate the procedure, albeit reluctantly. Brushing every day is ideal, but for difficult cats, brushing two or three times a week is satisfactory.





If your cat will not tolerate tooth brushing, there are many other feline dental hygiene products available, such as gels, oral rinses and sprays. A cat that will not tolerate any oral manipulation needs regular dental checkups at least every four to six months.





Dental diets are a more recent veterinary development. These diets are designed to prevent or dramatically slow the accumulation of tartar on the teeth. They do not replace home care and they may be inappropriate for cats with advanced periodontitis, because the hard kibbles can irritate the gums.





Many cats like tartar-control treats. If you regularly offer your cat treats, consider using crunchy, tartar-control treats instead of the softer versions.





Remember that by taking regular care of your cat's teeth, you are caring for its overall health.


Can you conclusion the genetic of bacteria tell me faster in any web or pls write to me any information thanx.

http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/staff/dave/roanoke...





http://www.microbe.org/microbes/virus_or...





http://www.okstate.edu/artsci/zoology/ra...


What are some ways by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

If bacteria take up R Plasmids...R Plasmids contain genes that resist antibiotics...Bacteria can take up R Plamids/foreign DNA through transformation, transduction, and conjugation.





Transformation is where bacteria just take up foreign DNA from the environment. Transduction is where a fragment of DNA from a phage virus is accidentally packaged in the phage's protein coat. So when the phage infects the bacteria, that DNA enters the host. Conjugation is when 2 bacteria "mate" and transfer DNA.

What are some ways by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
Mutation. Some bacteria undergo mutation, and sometimes, it happens that the gene created is resistant to antibiotics.





Hence, all the normal bacteria is killed by the antibiotics, but the mutants survive and multiply, resulting in a colony that is resistant to antibiotics.





Something like that.

paper bush

Is soy sauce a fungus or bacteria?

Soy sauce is fermented with a fungus.


But, by the time it is bottled there is not a trace of fungus left in it.

Is soy sauce a fungus or bacteria?
Authentic soy sauce is fermented with the fungus Aspergillus oryzae, ... The fungus gives soy sauce its distinctive flavor


I cant get rid of the Bacteria Vaginosis that I have been diagnosed with. It is really ruining my confidence?

and relationship. I was given some antibiotics that cleared it for about a week when I went back to my clinic they told me theres nothing they can do for me its something that comes and goes. I can't take having this I never feel clean. Please can anyone give me any advise as to how I can get rid of this.

I cant get rid of the Bacteria Vaginosis that I have been diagnosed with. It is really ruining my confidence?
wow, i never had doctor tell me they couldnt do anything for me about that problem. they should be able to give you some cream/gel designed specifically for that. seek a second opinion
Reply:I don't know why the clinic you went to said that there is nothing that they can do for it. It is a bacterial infection that needs to be treated. Not unless you have a fungal infection, that is different.





Your partner could be reinfecting you.





I would get a second opinion.
Reply:Perhaps youve been misdiagnoised. THat happens. See a different doctor and perhaps go to the local health Dept VD clinic. They see lots of vaginal diseases . Remember Gonorrhea is easily misdiagnosed and often gives false positives or false negatives. You can retest. Try a different medication, perhaps the one you have doesnt respond to your body. mostly get a different doctor or clinic cause anyone who tells you that is an *** hole!
Reply:The clinics are not that good....some strains of the bacteria are resistent to certain antibiotics..you may just need another course, of a different type, to clear it up...don't believe all the clinic says..it can stay with you but it is possible to stop the infection flaring up again
Reply:are u sure its only bacteria vaginosis and not Trichomoniasis. my sister had the same thing happen to her they told her at the ER it was just bacteria vaginosis and when she went for her pap it came back as Trich? something to think about.....
Reply:i can offer simple suggestions ....like...stop wearing thong underwear...it transfers bacteria from the anus to the vagina and causes vaginosis, also wearing tight pants will cause the bacteria transfer as well...or not wearing underwear at all will cause vaginosis....i hope this helps...
Reply:It is caused by drugs in your system as a child for any illness, colds, flu, measles, mumps, runny nose, anything. drugs interupt the inner good bacteria of your intestinal linning as well as your vagina. it is a good idea to start a candida diet and regimen as soon as possible. Go to your local health food store and ask them to give you one, or order one for you. There is also a book about it and a cook book in your local bookstore. Candida albacans. it is a rampant condition that most people have and do not know it. Antibiotics is the cause. It is a vicious cycle that you need to stop NOW!!! Go to it.
Reply:If you take 1 tbs baking soda with water and douche which will neutralize the bad bacteria and then take 5 capsules of acidophilis (you can get acidophilis at any health food store or walmarts...schiff is a good brand...if you cant find it you can go to vitaglo.com and open them and put them in with the water and douche this will coat the walls again and stop the smell and help...you will feel much better...also start taking acidophlis every day...doctors know that when you take antibiotics it kills the good bacteria in the vagina that coats the walls, the acidophlis replaces it...it works. but if your not sick...they dont get paid...so eat lots of yogurt and take the capsules daily and you should have no more trouble...hope it helps
Reply:If you are with a regular partner...was he treated too? If he wasn't then chances are high that he has it and is reinfecting you. Both of you need to be treated at the same time and to abstain from sex until the course of treatment is complete.


It shouldn't be something you have to put up with, it CAN be cured with antibiotics.
Reply:get your Doc to write you a prescription for clindesse. I think that is how you spell it. That Works!
Reply:your partner needs to be treated too or you will keep being affected.
Reply:It can be an annoying and difficult problem. The issue is often the difficulty or re-establishing and maintaining the normal,protective, vaginal flora, lactobacilli.





Try this harmless technique. At the onset of each period, buy a small tub of LIVE natural yogurt. Put it ion the fridge and make sure everyone knows it is yours! Each day immerse a tampon in the yogurt and then insert it in the normal way. Cover the remaining yogurt with cling film each time. Discard the pot at the end of each period.





The reason this may help is that LIVE natural yogurt contains that same organism, lactobaccilli. Post to let me know if this works after a couple of months.
Reply:I know how you feel, i had it when i was younger but nothing was done about it and i had to cope with it for years..it then went on to cause the disease i now have; pelvic inflammatory disease and its chronic because it was left so long and keeps coming back even after treatment. you need to go back and demand more treatment until its properly cleared, otherwise you might end up with PID too and its horrible. Keep going back and refuse to leave until they help you. i hope they do something and it clears up soon good luck
Reply:hiya i am in the same boat as you and i no how horrible it is i have been back to me docs for now 8 month ad everything i have tried has never got rid of it and they say they ant treat my bf because it is not passed on that way !!!


i have tried so many different antibiotics they have prescribed me and nothing is getting rid of it !!!


i have tried acidophillus tablets which i take everyday and even them arnt getting it away please email so we can go through what i have taken and see it it can help if you take it


email me on venza69@yahoo.co.uk


would be nice to chat about it as its doing my head in with what i can try next !!!!!!!!! p.s i am 20 and have had it for now 8 months !!!


and i never feel clean anymore and it makes me so worried when having sex with my boyfriend too !!!
Reply:i had this when i was pregnant, just keep taking the antibiotics and try and get some for your bf too, my midwife told me that you can have and treat it but when you sleep with your partner you could pass it to them and then even though you are taking the antibiotics your partner is passing it straight back onto to you, i had exactly same experience, take you anti biotics and wear loose not tight bottoms better not wearing thongs too, get your bf treated also and then hopefully it should get sorted. x


Could the swollen testicle be a bacteria infection?

if painful at all go to doctor, no........GO TO THE NEAREST EMERGENCY ROOM. Swelling of testicle should ALWAYS be checked by a doctor. When pain is involved most common reason is testicular torsion. The testicle can become gangreen very quickly and must be amputated. Have seen several cases get help in time to prevent this and all have normal function.





GO TO DOCTOR REGUARDLESS IF PAINFUL OR NOT.


How do you get rid of bacteria on the skin?

I am acting in a play ang forgot to carry my own makeup , which is why I had to share makeup (foundation, blush, concealer, eyeshadow,) with other cast members. The only problem is that now my skin has gone really dry on a small patch of my cheek. My skin could just be getting dry, but I think it's bactera because that place has also gone pink. Could someoe plaese suggest what to do?? My skin type is normalish-dry. Thanx

How do you get rid of bacteria on the skin?
its probably just dry skin and it turns pink because it inflames


just wash your face and use a moisturizer
Reply:use dettol and a bit of vaseline
Reply:clean %26amp; clear has an antibacterial astringent

daphne

What is a differential medium for bacteria?

some bacteria grows on it and some doesnt. maybe it has a specific carbon souce or is lacking one amino acid.


What are two foods where the bacteria produce chemicals that provide certain tastes?

This sounds like a chemistry test question!!! Bacteria produced flavors and tastes? Ok, here goes:





1. Fermented soy products


2. Cheese


3. Alcohol

What are two foods where the bacteria produce chemicals that provide certain tastes?
Yogurt


Bread


cheese
Reply:brie and blue veined cheese


What effect does penicillin have on bacteria?

i need it in form of a school report

What effect does penicillin have on bacteria?
Penicillin stops the bacteria from making their cell wall, and so the bacteria cannot perform many of their normal actions and - in fact - will swell %26amp; burst in water.





Evolutionarily, since in any population of bacteria, there will be *some* immune to penicillin, it means that only those that are immune will be left. And when they divide and grow, the whole new population will be immune to penicillin.


This is why it is often important to use more than one antibiotic, and also why it is importnat to finish the course of antibiotics fully, and not to stop when you feel better.
Reply:Penicillin is discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming...accidentaly I think. It kills it. It is an antibiotic. It is a fungi (mold)....and fungi are known enemies of bacteria...they kill bacteria. That's why in culturing bacteria, we have to spray some anti-fungal material for our experiment to be successful.
Reply:Penicillin kills bacteria by interfering with the ability to synthesize cell wall
Reply:yes but for clarifification keep in mind that penicillin is a chemical compound "secreted" by fungi to limit competition by surrounding bacteria. It indeed kills bacteria but don't confuse "penicillin", an organic molecule, with the fungi penicillium, the organism that produces penicillin.





so the mechanism of penicillin is that it prevents the final cross-linking step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan, the major component of a bacterial cell wall. Without peptidoglycan the bacteria cannot withstand the "pressure" of its internal environment, and it lyses. Penicillin is interesting because it structurally mimics the enzyme "peptidoglycan transpeptidase" ..so it eats up the reactants in the chemical reaction that produces amino-glycan crosslinks in the cell wall. Its an example of competitive inhibition.





because only bacteria have this enzyme and only bacteria produce peptidoglycan, only bacteria can be targeted by this drug. It was deemed the miracle drug of its time because its 100% selective with no harm to humans. compare this to chemotherapy where you're unselectively killing all cells in an area with massive side-effects.
Reply:beta lactam ring of penicillin blocks the transpeptidase enzyme from linking the amino acids needed to build the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria. Thus new bacterial cell wall that is laid down while beta lactam is around tends to be weak and bacterial cells burst due to osmotic pressure. Bacteria gain resistance to penicillin by producing beta-lactamase which breaks down beta lactam ring.


Are all ear infections caused by bacteria?

Usually, ear infections (otitis media) are caused by bacteria. But they can be caused by microorganisms that are not bacteria, too, but that's pretty rare (hard to find literature on that, too, but let's just say, ear parasites don't sound like fun).





Water by itself does NOT cause ear infections. However, water creates a nice wet environment in the ear in which bacteria (or whatever else) can thrive. The proliferating bacteria in the water are what cause the infection.





Metal allergies are ALLERGIES, which are NOT infections. The metal exposure is topical, and does not extend to the inside of the ear. What you get is inflammation of the pinna (the outer flap of what we call "ear"), which makes the tissue more susceptible to infection. But that's technically a skin infection, not an ear infection.





Anyway, bacteria are the most common cause of ear infection, and common culprits include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp.

Are all ear infections caused by bacteria?
No, I have had ear infections from water being trapped in my ear.
Reply:No, sometimes something that you are allergic to can affect your ears such as the metal on earrings. If you go swimming sometimes, the water is like all dirty and sometimes it might damage your ear a lil and you'll get some infections.
Reply:Any infection is caused by bacteria and needs anti-biotics to kill it.
Reply:An infection happens when germs like bacteria and viruses get inside the body and cause trouble. Germs can get into your ears.The goals for treating ear infections include relieving pain, curing the infection, preventing complications, and preventing recurrent ear infections. Most ear infections will safely clear up on their own without antibiotics. Often, treating the pain and allowing the body time to heal itself is all that is needed:





Apply a warm cloth or warm water bottle.


Use over-the-counter pain relief drops for ears.


Take over-the counter medications for pain or fever, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen. DO NOT give aspirin to children.


Use prescription ear drops to relieve pain.


Some ear infections require antibiotics to clear the infection and to prevent them from becoming worse. This is more likely if the child is under age 2, has a fever, is acting sick (beyond just the ear), or is not improving over 24 to 48 hours.


However, for several years there was a tendency to over-prescribe antibiotics, leading to the increasing numbers of bacteria that are resistant to these drugs. Joint guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians are aimed at using antibiotics for ear infections when they are most needed. If the antibiotics do not seem to be working within 48 to 72 hours, contact your doctor to consider switching to a stronger antibiotic. Usually there is no benefit to more than two, or at the most three, rounds of appropriate antibiotics.

camellia

Lodestone, found in birds, bees,and bacteria probably acts as what device?

Heyyyyyyyyyyy; I THink i actually no this birds swallow seeds but since they hav no teeth they must swallow rocks to crush the seeds so then they probably scoop up some lodestone and the 3 properties that lodestone has is #1 It is magnetic #2 In ancient legends it is rumored for lodestone to always point north


#3 Chinese people use it for compasses.LOL

Lodestone, found in birds, bees,and bacteria probably acts as what device?
Possible theory is that it helps orient them to the magnetic north.
Reply:Lodestone are magnetic and it is believed that organisms that have lodestones are tuned into the magnetic north pole in some way or another. This may be the reason why birds are able to migrate long distances.
Reply:ballast, to orientate them right side up, birds needs stones in their gizzards to help crush seeds, aid in digestion.





Why would bacteria need to know which way north is?


What are two ways in which bacteria cause disease?

Infection, where the bacteria are actively growing in your body, and Intoxication, where a chemical that the bacteria produced is ingested and causes illness.

What are two ways in which bacteria cause disease?
multiplication at a very fast rate


and overwhelming the bodies


natural defences ie:antibodies


making a clear path for infection


to set in
Reply:One way is by getting into your system and multiplying quickly in places they shouldn't. Staph and strep usually do this. They make your immune system work hard, and steal you bodies resources.





Another way is that some bacteria produce toxins. Shigella does this. So when it's in your system, there might not be a lot of it, but it's producing poison and making you sick.


How long does it take for bacteria to grow in chicken broth?

cuz i need to know pleeez answer if you know

How long does it take for bacteria to grow in chicken broth?
All bacteria have different growth rates. I will assume that you mean E.coli as they are the most common bacteria studied. E.coli cells divide every 20 minutes in chicken broth.





Bacterial growth can be visually monitored by turbidity (cloudiness) of the liquid broth. I'm not sure of an exact time to reach turbidity, but 24 hours is long enough to have turbidity, and still have actively dividing bacteria. (As the bacteria eat the broth, their growth slows down because they have less resources.)





I would go with 24 hours.
Reply:I would say immediately.


Do you know what species of bacteria this might be?

It is most likely within the genus Bacillus





catalase +


oxidase -


Gram reaction +


nitrate reduction +


motility -


casein hydrolysis -


lipid hydrolysis +


urea hydrolysis -


starch hydrolysis -


Simmons Citrate +


Kligler's Iron -





I isolated it from tree bark. Colonies are round with a "fried egg" configuration. Light brownish and opaque. Cells are chain-forming rods that contain endospores. It is a facultative anaerobe with a capsule.





I'd really appreciate any suggestions.

Do you know what species of bacteria this might be?
You have a lot of data but you also have a Bacillus that is going to take a bit of research to identify. From the characteristics that you list, I would evaluate the genus Bacillus and look at the subspecies of anthracis or the subspecies cereus. This genus is widespread and found in many habitats. Identification is difficult due to incomplete descriptions of many of the species. I'd refer you to "Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology". To my knowledge, the data charts you need are not available online. Just about any college with a medical microbiology class will have the book, though. Sorry I can't identify further, but I do believe I've identified the genus for you.





Hope this helps!
Reply:Normally I would not answer such a complicated question. I'm certainly not qualified as a plant specialist.





I did google some key words "fried egg anaerobe simmons citrate +" , and I sort of stuck without an answer too.





I'm wondering, since you are dealing with tree bark, if more than one organism was grown out.





How did you go about growing an isolated bacteria from tree bark?





Perhaps the complexity to your answer lies within your selective media....?





Best,





dumbdumb.





ps. I can't wait for someone to share with us the answer!!!!!

lady slipper

Is there any way to remove bacteria from liquor?

There are little things swimming inside my vodka, its from a friend I know, and I was wondering if theres anyway to clean it? It would be such a waste of alcohol if I couldnt ...

Is there any way to remove bacteria from liquor?
There's no bacteria to worry about. Alcohol is an antiseptic all by itself. You just need to filter out the floaties and you'll be fine.


Pour it through a coffee filter and it will be as good as new.
Reply:Vodka is very high in ethanol. Any "little things swimming" are dead and non-infectious.


If you see these very often maybe you should see your doctor and tell him about it.
Reply:If there's anything alive in it, there won't be much actual vodka in it. The alcohol in vodka is enogh to kill just about anyhting that's going to contaminate it(and if you can see it, it;s unlikely to be bacteria).
Reply:yes, the best way would be to boil it, i know its sounds weird, but it works, It kills the bacteria and leave the liquir as new.
Reply:No, it's gone.


Even if you could filter the little buggers out who would want to drink it? Feed it to your mother in law!
Reply:ok one person said to boil it and that would be stupid, that removes the alcohal. alcohol kills germs, and the floaties and just from your friends mouth
Reply:That boarders on terrorism.


You got a cop friend scare the hell out of him.





use a surgical mask to filter.





Be sure to get a firm dog dropping in a plastic bag and leave it in your friends kitchen sink. (toss the plastic bag)
Reply:OMG why in the world would you even consider drinking the back wash from your friends mouth in the first place that is nasty. That is why they make shot glasses never let someone drink straight from the bottle. I mean if ya really want that vodka that bad drink it want kill ya but just the thought of drinking something that was back wash out of someone Else's mouth is NOT for me. Yeah threw away a bottle of Crown Royal due to that one time. That is like drinking straight from the milk jug and putting it back in the fridge lol NO THANKS!
Reply:i wouldn't drink it except on a bet.


Has anyone ever had H. Pylori bacteria? if so what did you do to cure it?

Yes I have. It's been awhile. But the doctor gave me an antibiotic to get rid of the bacteria. It's gross stuff!! I know when I had it I didn't know, and I was vomiting after every time I ate something. Especially dairy products! I lost 20 lbs in a month. So, If I were you I would go to the doc. He can set you up with some antibiotics to kill that nasty virus. This virus hasn't been known for very long. In fact there is very little research on it. Maybe this site can shed some light on the subject. Good Luck!

Has anyone ever had H. Pylori bacteria? if so what did you do to cure it?
Cut acid food Try new BufferPh pills. Eat lots of apples (pectin). Use baterial flora pills per meals. Coat stomach with Manuka honey way after eating (wholefoods has a new brand) Garlic pills are a natural antibiotic, but I cut back on that lately although it is alkaline. It may still be Report It



How does one eliminate sulfur producing bacteria in drinking water?

Pour a gallon of purex in it. But then you can't drink it.





Try finding what is called a "greensand" filter. It will remove the odor, plus iron and some other stuff. The filter medium is actually something called manganese greensand, a naturally occuring substance, and there are other methods such as automatic, metered, injections of chlorine, but they are usually used with a well pump situation.


Who is the pioneer of the bacteria , Treponema Pallidum?

please reply ASAP..

Who is the pioneer of the bacteria , Treponema Pallidum?
Treponema pallidum: The cause of syphilis, this is a microscopic bacterial organism called a spirochete, a worm-like spiral-shaped organism that wiggles vigorously when viewed under a microscope. Treponema pallidum was discovered in 1905 by the German bacteriologist Fritz Schaudinn (1871-1906) who named it, putting together the Greek trepo (I turn) and nema (thread) with the Latin pallida (pale) to make a pale turning thread
Reply:Treponema pallidum: The cause of syphilis, this is a microscopic bacterial organism called a spirochete, a worm-like spiral-shaped organism that wiggles vigorously when viewed under a microscope. Treponema pallidum was discovered in 1905 by the German bacteriologist Fritz Schaudinn (1871-1906) who named it, putting together the Greek trepo (I turn) and nema (thread) with the Latin pallida (pale) to make a pale turning thread.

dendrobium

Wouldn't creatures like viruses and bacteria kill all other creatures in Noah's Arc?

Also, what is Santa's favorite brand of cookies?

Wouldn't creatures like viruses and bacteria kill all other creatures in Noah's Arc?
They weren't on board. Only animals coupled in pairs male/female were allowed.


As you know, viruses and bacteria reproduction isn't sexual.


This let me think being mammals is involving a lot of fun than being viruses.





Santa: who knows? Does he really eat food?
Reply:The Keebler Elves made everything alright.





Santa's favorite cookies was Elfwiches.The Trix Rabbit was in charge of the bacteria on Noah's Ark.
Reply:Go ahead mock it you'll understand some day!
Reply:No. The bacteria only killed the dinos and the viruses killed the unicorns.





And Santa prefers Chocolate chip.
Reply:I guess not their offspring lives today.
Reply:No, there are natural immunities that would prevent that.





I don't think Santa does endorsements.
Reply:If you would read the Bible then it tells us that indeed he took the animals that had the breath of life in them. And that means animals that breathe through their nostrils.








Your Welcome, what else can i do for ya
Reply:Santa's favourite brand of cookies is "Dad's Oatmeal Cookies."


Don't forget the salt and carrots for the reindeer. (I remember that from my childhood.)





I don't know about the diseases on the Ark, but I always wonder who cleaned out the stalls, and did they just dump the manure overboard, or pile it on the poop deck.





edit; Don't get mad at Renee. Go ahead and mock her, she will understand it someday.
Reply:don't know about viruses, but there are many other problems with the noah's ark story.





no geological evidence of a global flood.


how a few people could care for that many animals.


how animals that need differing climates would survive


in one place.


how the animals would be gathered from the corners of


the globe.


the massive amount of poop that would be generated.


the sea-worthiness of a vessel that size made completely


of wood. etc. etc.





chocolate chip.
Reply:well, if the bacs didnt kill em, well, lets just say most of them were carnivores....LOL





As for Santa, i think it was the white choco macadamia with a side of chocolate milk...
Reply:The story says he took two of every animal. Technically animals are members of the kingdom Animalia, which doesn't include viruses or bacteria.


And why would you bother trying to disprove Noah's Ark anyway? No one who seriously believes that story is capable of understanding your question.
Reply:God would not have allowed viruses and bacteria amongst the creatures on board. (And there were SEVEN of each good animals, people, not two of each).





And Santa Claus would like frosted oatmeal or anything frosted.


Why does antibacterial soap not remove bacteria off of your dishes but it can on your skin?

soap does not completely remove bacteria from dish or body bcs its action is not to kill the bacteria but remove i-sort of de bulking,.





sterilising agent,on the oher hand, which used during operation can do so. betadin can kill bacteria which used before surgery to prepare the skin like spirit but former less active in the presence of organic materials-blood. so if you contaminated with blood use some spirit and keep it for at least 1/2a minute.bettadin takes 1minute to act.





are clear or confusing?

Why does antibacterial soap not remove bacteria off of your dishes but it can on your skin?
what??? bacteria is everywhere...soap only kills some of it


If humans ultimately descended from something very much like some modern bacteria, why can't bacteria fly?

This fact obviously throws Darwin's theory of descent with modification right out the window... How else could they be higher up than us?





(((all answerers who care to be hugged)))

If humans ultimately descended from something very much like some modern bacteria, why can't bacteria fly?
Oh, you're so wrong... Haven't you heard of airborne diseases?





(((hexley))) and Peace to you.
Reply:Like most humans they just float on the breeze.
Reply:(((((((((Hugs)))))))))))
Reply:Evolution depended upon a NEED.


Bacteria didn't have a need to fly, talk or anything else. Bacteria travelled on the wind, with no need for wings, and via being carried about by other creatures


If this kind of thinking persuades you of anything at all, it should be that you have no idea what you are on about.
Reply:they do fly.we just can't see them.that's why people get diarrhea because bacteria gliding in the air landed on their cheeseburger.


What are some things that make bacteria such unique organisms?

They are single-celled, there genetic material is not enclosed in a membrane, they basically lack most organelles found in eukaryotes except ribosomes and mitochondria

What are some things that make bacteria such unique organisms?
They are unique for many reasons. Some of these reasons include: They lack a nucleus, they usually only have 1 circular piece of DNA, they are able to use a variety of terminal electron acceptors, and some can live in hot springs, salty conditions, and really low temperatures. Hope this helps.
Reply:single cell organisms

broadleaf

Is cooked fish a fungus or bacteria?

Neither. It's fish.

Is cooked fish a fungus or bacteria?
it is a cooked fish!
Reply:I thought it was a fish....but when raw it is covered in bacteria.





If fish had feet, maybe then they'd have some fungus, but I don't think they do.
Reply:You wasted points asking that question. It's FISH! Duh.
Reply:neither unless you leave it to grow fungus
Reply:Neither. It's meat.


.
Reply:Wow..... how old are you?


Does boiling water kill all the bacteria and chemicals in your drinking water?

Heat the water to over 100 degrees celcius and boil for several minutes (note- 'boiling' occurs at lower temps at higher altitudes). This kills most micro-organisms.





You can't 'kill' chemicals, so you need to remove those with filters or other processes depending on the chemical involved.

Does boiling water kill all the bacteria and chemicals in your drinking water?
not all but most
Reply:It won't take the chemicals out.
Reply:no it doesn't kill the chemicals but it sterilizes it


What is the name of the bacteria that actually causes the bubonic plague?

help

What is the name of the bacteria that actually causes the bubonic plague?
the bubonic plague is caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis.
Reply:Botulism Toxin(Botox)created by botulism bacteria
Reply:Yersinia Pestis. It killed over 100 million people.





I think the CDC might actually have some stashed away in their bio-containment lab. It wouldn't surprise me. It seems they have a little of everything in there...the most dangerous viruses and bacteria known to man. Scary thought, huh?
Reply:Gram negative bacilli
Reply:Yersinia pestis. Bubonic plague is NOT caused by botulinum toxin!


Salmonella - Ideal conditions for it to grow, foods it may be found in, symptons the bacteria can cause...?

in food poising.





????

Salmonella - Ideal conditions for it to grow, foods it may be found in, symptons the bacteria can cause...?
Salmonella can be found in nearly any food. Vegetables, fruits, chicken, see food.


It grows in hot and moisture conditions.


The symptoms of food poisoning are high fiver, headache, diarrhea and other.

night jasmine

Friday, August 20, 2010

Does any kind or type of bacteria/virus survive in bleach or common antiseptics?

Viruses like common cold, HIV are not affected by bleach





some bacteria are killed by bleach at full strength, But viruses can only be killed by high temperatures usually above 90 c most viruses are dead

Does any kind or type of bacteria/virus survive in bleach or common antiseptics?
i suppose some do if lysol is only effective on 99.9%...lol
Reply:Bacteria are ususally relatively easy to kill - detergent is good at it because it destroys the cell wall.





Viruses are harder. So manufacturers of bleach are reluctant to claim 100%. Firstly, the solution needs to be quite strong - at least 1 part in 50 or even 1 part in 20. Secondly, it has to reach everywhere. And thirdly the virus may have to be in contact with it for a long time - not just a few seconds.
Reply:Virus can be killed ( with a guarentee) - only by boiling at high temperature.





Hence, there is a high chance of virus surviving. Virus also mutate and become resitance to a particular chemical molecule.
Reply:bleach will pretty much kill everything.


Are the so called claimed good bacteria actually a bacterium?

xxxx

Are the so called claimed good bacteria actually a bacterium?
Yes, I think so. Bacteria aren't always bad for us. We need good ones in our digestive system to aid digestion and absorption.
Reply:Yes because it is plural ...more than one bacteria!!!!!
Reply:YES





In fact several bacterium strains
Reply:yes they are.





We have about 2 to 3 pounds of them in our body .
Reply:yes there are numerous strains.


I Need Some Questions Answered About Bacteria For A School Project...?

i need these 2 questions answered...


9.Do they contain animal and plant like species?


10.Are they aerobic or anaerobic?

I Need Some Questions Answered About Bacteria For A School Project...?
As one other person pointed out, some bacteria use photosynthesis to get their energy, and so can be said to be like plants. As for animals? No. Really not. If your teacher says they are, take it from me, they're wrong.





They can be both areobic (uses oxygen for respiration) and anaerobic. Bacteria in your gut are anaerobic, other examples include Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum (causes botulism). Aerobic examples include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.





Oh, and many bacteria are what we call facultative anaerobes/aerobes, meaning they are not too fussy.
Reply:mmm, I think that are are like animal like species, the only thing is bacteria cells don't have a nucelus? I think they are in their own category. Because I'm not sure if they fall in Prokayotic or eukayotic cells. spell?





mmm and for the other question, I think anaerobic, bc isn't yeast kind of like bacteria? they don't require oxygen to produce, which is how they make alcohol, they grow faster.





well, everything was from memory, I might be wrong.
Reply:Bacteria called cyanobacteria are definitely plant-like because they contain chlorophyll and carry on photosynthesis.





Most bacteria are heterotrophs, so they are like animas.





Some bacteria are aerobic and others are anaerobic.
Reply:9. Offhand, I would say no, but I'm not sure what is meant by "animal and plant-like species." Bacteria are single cell organisms, whereas plants and animals are multicellular. Are you asking if there are bacteria that act like plants or animals using some large stretch of the imagination?





10. There are species of both aerobic bacteria (bacteria that live in the presence of oxygen) and anerobic bacteria (bacteria that only live in the absence of oxygen. Is there a specific species of bacteria that you're asking about? For example, Escherichia coli is an aerobic species and Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic species.


Are the so called claimed good bacteria actually a bacterium?

xxxx

Are the so called claimed good bacteria actually a bacterium?
Yes, I think so. Bacteria aren't always bad for us. We need good ones in our digestive system to aid digestion and absorption.
Reply:Yes because it is plural ...more than one bacteria!!!!!
Reply:YES





In fact several bacterium strains
Reply:yes they are.





We have about 2 to 3 pounds of them in our body .
Reply:yes there are numerous strains.

frangipni

I Need Some Questions Answered About Bacteria For A School Project...?

i need these 2 questions answered...


9.Do they contain animal and plant like species?


10.Are they aerobic or anaerobic?

I Need Some Questions Answered About Bacteria For A School Project...?
As one other person pointed out, some bacteria use photosynthesis to get their energy, and so can be said to be like plants. As for animals? No. Really not. If your teacher says they are, take it from me, they're wrong.





They can be both areobic (uses oxygen for respiration) and anaerobic. Bacteria in your gut are anaerobic, other examples include Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum (causes botulism). Aerobic examples include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.





Oh, and many bacteria are what we call facultative anaerobes/aerobes, meaning they are not too fussy.
Reply:mmm, I think that are are like animal like species, the only thing is bacteria cells don't have a nucelus? I think they are in their own category. Because I'm not sure if they fall in Prokayotic or eukayotic cells. spell?





mmm and for the other question, I think anaerobic, bc isn't yeast kind of like bacteria? they don't require oxygen to produce, which is how they make alcohol, they grow faster.





well, everything was from memory, I might be wrong.
Reply:Bacteria called cyanobacteria are definitely plant-like because they contain chlorophyll and carry on photosynthesis.





Most bacteria are heterotrophs, so they are like animas.





Some bacteria are aerobic and others are anaerobic.
Reply:9. Offhand, I would say no, but I'm not sure what is meant by "animal and plant-like species." Bacteria are single cell organisms, whereas plants and animals are multicellular. Are you asking if there are bacteria that act like plants or animals using some large stretch of the imagination?





10. There are species of both aerobic bacteria (bacteria that live in the presence of oxygen) and anerobic bacteria (bacteria that only live in the absence of oxygen. Is there a specific species of bacteria that you're asking about? For example, Escherichia coli is an aerobic species and Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic species.


If there are white clumps of "bacteria" coming out of tonsils... What are they? How do you get rid of them?

I have the same thing. Food particles, bacteria etc. get caught in the crypts in the tonsils creating tonsil stones. Sometimes these come out on their own and get swallowed but other times they'll collect and grow bigger causing you to notice them. If you're careful you can use a cotton swab to remove them, it works for some people. What works for me is using a monoject water syringe with warm salt water and spraying them. Sometimes it takes a day or so before the stones dislodge, depending on how big they are. A water pick on a low pressure setting would also work.

If there are white clumps of "bacteria" coming out of tonsils... What are they? How do you get rid of them?
Infection. possibly tonsilitis or strep throat. See a doctor.
Reply:These are called crypt stones. They occur because you have trapped food in the folds of your tonsils. They can get large and cause your tonsils to feel sore. I have them and I take a Q tip and pop them out. I have to because they can be very irritating. I have to tell you though that you might want to consult an ENT to have them flushed out instead of trying to do it yourself. You really can't "get rid of them". It's just something you have to deal with.
Reply:its called pus...like in really bad tonsillitis or strep throat, you need amoxicillin or tetracycline..go to the doctor and see what he says and get a script for this.
Reply:I had those, and so I went to the doctor. He immediately had my tonsils removed. Not that it's a life or death situation or anything, that's just what happened with me.
Reply:It is also called Quinsy or tonsillar abscess. You usually get it when you have tonsillitis. It indicates that you need to have some antibiotics as it is an infection.








I have heard of people who get it regularly - have small white/creamy coloured bits come out of their tonsils a bit like milk curds -but do not have tonsillitis. This is not associated with tonsillitis but is there on and off all the time.
Reply:You may have strep throat and need antibiotics. See a doctor, they will do a throat culture and start you on antibiotics. Take the entire prescription as directed even if you feel better. When someone stops taking the full course of antibiotics because they think they are better, a small amount of the resistant bacteria can still be alive and start to multiply and they can breed more resistant strains that are harder to kill. That is the reason you will always be instructed to finish the script.
Reply:That might me strip throat. You should have that check out.





http://www.abchomeopathy.com/forum2.php/...





http://www.utpedent.com/pt_education/ton...
Reply:Wow! I thought the doctor was kidding when she said that those 'white blobs' were harmless and were results of trapped food by tonsils. Now I don't feel so alone in my irritation. All you can do is, like one poster suggested, poke them out gently. If you can't do it without hurting yourself, just let them be unless they are really irritating your throat.
Reply:I had those symptoms and got sent to a throat specialist. He assured me they were harmless and nothing serious to worry about. I actually have not had a return of the problem yet.
Reply:Get your tonsils removed!


How is the chromosome of a bacteria shaped?

It is circular.


What can i eat to destory bacteria in my body?

believe it or not, you don't want to destroy all the bacteria in your body.. baceteria aids in digestion of your food.. without any bacteria, your body would be very unhealthy..

What can i eat to destory bacteria in my body?
Yogurt that contains acidilopholus (active bacteria) You can find it at a Health Food Store. It will destroy harmful bacteria. There's no way that you could destroy all the bacteria in your body.
Reply:It is true you dont want to destroy all bacteria. But eating yogurt can help kill some of the bad bacteria in your body.


Also try drinking green or red tea, they are full of antioxidants.

bleeding heart

To produce plaques, a lawn of bacteria is grown, then phage are spread on it. Is there any disadvantages?

what are the disadvantages (if any) when growing the lawn before spreading the phage (bacteriophage)?

To produce plaques, a lawn of bacteria is grown, then phage are spread on it. Is there any disadvantages?
At the very least, it takes an extra day to see results. You can spread the bacteria, then spread the phage right afterwards and have your plaques the next morning.
Reply:1. the bacteria might overpopulate the dish making the plaques hard to see/nonexistant and therefore, messing up your results. So the phage may still be eating the bacteria but it may not show because there are way too much bacteria on the plate.





2. Some kinds of bacteria may only survive for a very short period of time with the nutrients provided on the plate (sometimes not even a day). You may have "old" bacteria or the bacteria may have lived out its lifespan by the time you spread the phage. This could mess up the results of the tests. You want to use bacteria that are "in the prime of their life" for your tests because bacteria metabolise differently according to their life stages.





Those are all that I can think of right now. Hope it helps.


How will knowledge of Gram positive bacteria and their infections/diseases help in a healthcare careerr?

Nurse, doctors

How will knowledge of Gram positive bacteria and their infections/diseases help in a healthcare careerr?
Knowledge of what pathogen is causing infection aids in specifying a cure, often an antibiotic. Broad spectrum antibiotics are prescribed first until a culture can be incubated. Once this is done, the lab personnel can determine what antibiotic this specific organism is sensitive to. This done, antibiotic treatment can be targeted to the specific pathogen, thus preventing tolerances to the broad spectrum antiinfective class of medicine.
Reply:Well, definitely it will help you one way or the other identify clinically the possible disease entity as well as help you advise the patient as to what appropriate antibiotics to take.


How long does it take for bacteria to be killed when it is in contact with antibacteria hand soap?

once ur hands are dry. 15 seconds or so

How long does it take for bacteria to be killed when it is in contact with antibacteria hand soap?
i've heard that it is w/n seconds. But then some claim that it doesn't kill all of them it just lessens their infecting ability not necesarilly eliminate them completely. Helps to build your own immunity, because remember we already have natural bacteria on our body.





unfortunately you can't live your life in a box.
Reply:CDC states apx 30 seconds with scrubbing
Reply:immediately on contact


Does Penicillin stop you from getting bacteria that it kills?

I had a shot of it and was wondering if getting the shot would prevent me from getting other things that penicillin also gets rid of.

Does Penicillin stop you from getting bacteria that it kills?
no penicllin treats an already established infection ..doesnt prevent anything

street fighting

Why are populations of many lake bacteria higher in the summer?

Sunlight is more concentrated during the summer months so the water is warmer, in particular around shallow waters...they love these conditions.


Most life in the lakes thrives in the summer, including microscopic life forms providing lots for bacteria to eat and therefore multiply.


Did U hear about brain eating bacteria in the water?

What the heck! In Arizona, Texas and hmm, I can't remember the other state. It was on Fox news.





This was "fresh" water like in lakes and streams.

Did U hear about brain eating bacteria in the water?
It's an ameoba. And it only can be found in warm water (82 degrees or higher). The ameoba enters through the nose and goes into the brain and attack it. A young boy died in Arizona after swimming in Lake Havasu. There is one easy preventive tool available. It's a nose clip which prevents the ameoba from entering the nose. Chlorine doesn't kill the amoeba even in a swimming pool. So , the clip is the way to go.
Reply:omg i live in arizona and i didnt hear about it is it true
Reply:yes I heard about the brain eating amoeba, not bacteria.
Reply:i saw it on yahoo! news...oh yeah it is an amoeba


its found in hot water,


and


the other state was florida!!








thats so scary, its like, "the end is near."








idk im not swimming ever again.





it like gets in ur brain....wtf?








then global warming is making it worse....
Reply:Yes and apparently Global warming is making it more prevalent as these amoebas like very warm water. I believe it to be one more warning sign with the record number of floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, as well as melting ice caps and average global temperatures manifesting more extreme in the last few years.
Reply:Don't think it will worry many people here.
Reply:Whoa, I might have that in my system! My thoughts have been all over the place lately, and my sleep has been unusually deep.





BTW what Gato said about "the end being near," it's true. We have trashed our environment and this amoeba is just the beginning.
Reply:Yes I did but it doesn't matter. People these days don't have much of a brain to eat.
Reply:yes, its sad because the last one to die was i think a 12 year old boy - we live on a lake but my kids will never be in it again! Sad because they love to ski and such - we will definitely be doing the nose clip for our pool!
Reply:Yea, it enters through the nose and causes a severe headache. The boys who were infected, died within two weeks. They think that doing somersaults could cause water to get up your nose. The water in lakes has gotten warmer and that has something to do with it also. So very sad....
Reply:Try Florida. It is an amoeba, which is another form of one celled organism. It thrives in fresh water at temperatures over 80^F, which is why it is limited to the far southern states. A Young boy from Lakeland died a couple weeks ago from this parasite after swimming in a local lake.. Roughly 10 have died so far this year in the US. To avoid this pest, avoid swimming in fresh water that feels warm. Swimming in salt water is safe as the amoeba cannot live in salt water.
Reply:Yes, it made Texas news because of the many lakes we have here. Apparently this amoeba flourishes in warm water and enters through the nose. Shortly thereafter , the person feels like he has a terrible headache. But in a short amount of time, the swimmer ( a young boy) was dead.





If it's not one thing, it's another.